Geographic Location
Zamboanga
del Sur is situated in the southern section of the Zamboanga Peninsula that
forms the western part of the island of Mindanao and lies between longitudes
122°13'00" and 123°39'00" East and latitudes 7°15'00" and
8°20'00" North, bounded by the province of Zamboanga del Norte in the
north, the provinces of Misamis Occidental and Lanao del Norte and Panguil Bay
in the east, Moro Gulf in the south and Zamboanga Sibugay in the southwest.
Politico-Administrative
Subdivisions
The
province has 26 municipalities and one city. It is divided into two
congressional districts. District I includes the City of Pagadian and 11
municipalities (northeastern part); while, District II has 15 municipalities,
most of which are located along the coast on the south eastern area of the
province. In all, the province has a total of 681 barangays.
List of Municipalities and Number of Barangays by
District
District
I
|
District
II
|
||
Municipality
|
Brgys
(No.)
|
Municipality
|
Brgys
(No.)
|
1. Aurora
|
44
|
1. Bayog
|
28
|
2. Dumingag
|
44
|
2. Dimataling
|
24
|
3. Josefina
|
14
|
3. Dinas
|
30
|
4. Labangan
|
25
|
4. Dumalinao
|
30
|
5. Mahayag
|
29
|
5. Guipos
|
17
|
6. Midsalip
|
33
|
6. Kumalarang
|
18
|
7. Molave
|
25
|
7. Lakewood
|
14
|
8. Pagadian City
|
54
|
8. Lapuyan
|
26
|
9. R. Magsaysay
|
27
|
9. Margosatubig
|
17
|
10. Sominot
|
18
|
10. Pitogo
|
15
|
11. Tambulig
|
31
|
11. San Miguel
|
18
|
12. Tukuran
|
25
|
12. San Pablo
|
28
|
13. Tabina
|
15
|
||
14. Tigbao
|
18
|
||
15. V. Sagun
|
14
|
||
District
-I Total
|
369
|
District–II
Total
|
312
|
Zamboanga
del Sur = 681 barangays
|
|||
Source: ZDS
Provincial Ecological Profile – 2011 Edition
Land
Area
The
province has a total land area of 4,477.36 sq. km. that constitute 31.67% of
Region IX and 1.49% of the country's 300 thousand sq.km.
Land Area by District (In Sq.Km.)
District
|
Land Area
|
Percent to Total
|
||
Province
|
Region IX
|
Philippines
|
||
I
|
2,458.65
|
54.91
|
17.39
|
0.82
|
II
|
2,018.71
|
45.09
|
14.28
|
0.67
|
ZDS
|
4,477.36
|
100.00
|
31.67
|
1.49
|
Region IX
|
14,137.74
|
|||
Philippines
|
300,000.00
|
|||
Source of Basic Data: Zamboanga Peninsula Social Development Program
(ZAMPEN-SDP)
Topography
Zamboanga
del Sur is hilly to mountainous; about 54 percent of the province consists of
rugged hills and mountains; undulating to rolling landscapes cover about 30
percent, alluvial lands about 10 percent and marsh and tidal flats 6
percent.
To
the north and east of the province, topography is flat to gently undulating
with mountainous areas running along the northern boundary. The northern portion is characterized by
lowlands, hilly lands, and thickly forested mountain ranges stretching across
the entire province, while the coastal portions are linked by mangrove trees
(LRES 1984).
The
complex lithology and structure of Zamboanga del Sur are, to a certain extent,
reflected by the topography. In general
the highest peaks are along the medial axis of the Zamboanga cordillera which
ascends to elevation exceeding 1,500 meters above sea level. These peaks exhibit a radial drainage pattern
typical of dissected volcanic cones, and are particularly well-developed in the
middle part of the province. Several
lakes (Lake Wood, Lake Dasay and Lake Maragang) are also directly related to
volcanism in this area.
The
structure of the Baganian Peninsula also appears to be dominated by
northwesterly aligned tectonic lines, however, most of the highlands of this
peninsula are covered by youthful volcanic forms. The sedimentary area in the Sibuguey Peninsula
is separated from the north-eastern Zamboanga ranges by an extensive occurrence
of youthful volcanic rocks.
The irregular
coastline of the province is generally rocky with occasional limited stretches
of sandy or gravelly beaches. The
coastal profile usually descends abruptly
seaward but in some places coral reefs and mangrove swamps may border
the coast. Along the southern coast,
several embayment are gradually being filled up with alluvial materials
producing small tracts of coastal plains (LRES 1984).
Soils
Due to the
extent of fine grained volcanic rocks, various sedimentary derivatives and
pyroclastics, the soils of Zamboanga del Sur are largely clays. Intense weathering has produced deep profiles
although on slopes over 20 percent, stone content is often high. The upland soils are low in fertility due to
high rates of leaching, and organic matter content is generally low (LRES 1984).
Climate
The province has a
mean annual rainfall varying from 2000 mm in driest areas to 3500 mm in the
wettest. The seasonal distribution of
this rainfall shows a short but quite dry period in the first quarter of the
year. Temperatures are relatively warm
and constant throughout the year ranging from minimum (night) temperatures of
22°C to maximum (day) temperatures of 32°C (LRES 1984).
Hydrology
Water
resources in the province include rivers, lakes and major river basins,
including major bays. The four (4) major
bays in the province are: Yllana Bay,
Panquil Bay, Dumanquillas Bay and Maligay Bay, embraced by more or less 268.9
kilometers of coastline.
The
three (3) identified principal rivers are the Salug River, Labangan River and
the Sibuguey River. The Salug River
originates in the area of Josefina municipality in the northeastern part of
District I. Dipolo River, a tributary,
originates at the northern area of Dumingag municipality. These two (2) initial small rivers converge
at the lower part of Mahayag municipality providing irrigation water to the
plains of Mahayag and Molave. It is
joined in the lower plain of Tambulig municipality by the Salug Diut and Usugan
Rivers and empties into the Panguil Bay.
The
Labangan River originates at the upper area of Labangan municipality and is
joined by the Macasing River at Barangay Bagalupa and the Dipaya Creek and
empties into Pagadian Bay.
At
the southern part, the Sibuguey River originates in the hinterland of Bayog
municipality and traverses the Sibuguey plain of Bayog and other municipalities
of Zamboanga Sibugay. The major river
basins in the province include the Salug Valley and Sibuguey Valley.
The
three (3) freshwater lakes in the province are:
Lakewood at Lakewood municipality is the largest with 722 hectares; Lake
Dasay of San Miguel municipality with 40 hectares; and Lake Maragang of Tigbao
municipality with an area covering 20 hectares.
Population
The result of the 2010 Census on Population conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) revealed that Zamboanga del Sur has a population of 959,685 from the 2000 population of 836,217, representing an increase of 123,468 or an average annual growth rate of 1.39 percent. Total population is then projected to reach 1,028,096 in 2015 and 1,101,383 in 2020.
Of the
total provincial population in 2010, 186,852 or 19.5 percent are residing in
the City of Pagadian while the remaining 772,833 or 80.5 percent are in the
municipalities. In terms of concentration, District I accounted
for 59.7 percent of the population or 572,813 constituents with Pagadian City
being the primary urban center of the province while District II has only 40.3
percent or 386,872 constituents with Margosatubig having the highest population
in the district.
Urban-Rural Distribution
Zamboanga del Sur has a far lower
proportion of urban population with only 29 percent as against its rural
population with 71 percent. This means that on the average, there are only
about 29 out of 100 persons residing in the poblacion areas while 71 of the
province's population resides in the rural areas. In 2010, the proportion of urban population
in the province is increasing from 27 percent in 2000 to 29 percent.
Average Household Size
The number of households in 2010 was recorded at
203,402 higher by 41,724 households compared with the 161,678 households posted
in 2000. The average household size in 2010 was 4.7 persons, lower than the
average household size of 5.2 persons in 2000
Population Density
With a total land
area of 4,477.36 sq. km. and a population of 959,685, the gross population
density of the province in 2010 is computed at 214 persons per sq.km. Pagadian City is the most thickly populated
with a density of 649 persons per sq.km.
Age-Sex Structure
Of the 957,499 household population in 2010, males
accounted for 51.2 percent while females comprised 48.8 percent. These figures
resulted in a sex ratio of 105 males for every 100 females.
The
Province had a high proportion of the younger age group. In 2010, the young dependents (0 to 14 years)
comprised 36.1 percent of the household population while the old dependents (65
years and over) posted a share of 4.1 percent. The working-age population (15
to 64 years) accounted for the remaining 59.8 percent.
The
overall dependency ratio was 67, which indicates that for every 100 working-age
population, there were about 67 dependents (60 young dependents and seven old
dependents). This ratio is lower than the dependency ratio in 2000, which was
recorded at 79 dependents per 100 working-age population (73 young dependents and
six old dependents).
Population’s Highest Grade Completed
The 2010 Census of Population and Housing shows the
educational attainment of the household population aged five years old and
over. It reveals that 45.9 percent had attended or completed elementary
education, 27.6 percent had reached or finished high school, 7.3 percent were
college undergraduates, and 7.0 percent were academic degree holders. Among
those with academic degree, the females (57.4 percent) outnumbered the males
(42.6 percent). Likewise, there were more females (61.5 percent) than males
(38.5 percent) among those with post baccalaureate courses.
Ethnic Groups
The
Province has been shaped historically by the varied migration patterns with the
Subanen people being the earliest established groups. They were followed by Muslims and then the
Cebuanos who are the predominant
ethnic group. Of the total household
population, 43.5 percent classified themselves as Cebuanos in year 2000. It is followed by Bisaya/Binisaya (34.9
percent) and Subanen (10.6 percent). The remaining 11 percent are either
Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Tausug, Maguindanao or are from other notable
migrations of ethnic groups who came
in later and helped accelerate the development of the area. Ethnic diversity, therefore, is considered as
one of the most important elements in understanding the development potentials,
as well as the problems of the province. The ethnicity distribution is assumed
to be the same in 2010.
Religious Affiliation
Religion is also important social element in the
lives of the people in the province. About 69 percent of the household
population in Zamboanga del Sur are Roman Catholics. Other denominations also
gained some grounds like the Iglesia ni Kristo, Seventh Day Adventists and
other Christian groups with churches propagating/expanding to all
municipalities. Islam religion and its mosques are now expanding to Non-Muslim
areas.
Economic Profile-Labor
Force Characteristics and Employment
With
the projected household population of 984,215 in 2012, about 606,458 persons
belong to the working age population (15 years old and over), based on the 2010
Census Report. Of this, 389,952 are in
the labor force representing a labor force participation rate of 64.3
percent. With an employed labor force of
377,572, the employment rate in 2012 is recorded at 96.8 percent.
Of
the total employed persons, almost one half or 47.6 percent were in the
agriculture sector with those worked in agriculture, hunting and forestry
subsector comprising the largest group in this sector (41.3% of the total
employed), followed by the services sector with 41.6 percent with a subsector
those engaged in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and
motorcycles (15.5%). The industry sector was only 10.8 percent. Industries with declining trend in employment
growth are mining and quarrying due to the implementation of its regulatory
measures. (Note: Due to the absence of provincial estimates for the percentage
distribution of employed persons in major industry group, this percent
distribution is from the regional estimates)
With
the thrust towards sustainable agro-industrial development, emphasis was placed
on optimum utilization of agricultural resources by massive application of
organic fertilizer to advance agri-based industries. This improved generation of more employment
and various livelihood opportunities especially at the rural areas as well as
increase in per capita income. In
support to this direction, substantial investments were put in place not only
in the infrastructure sector but also in crops, ducks, livestock, fishery
production, industry development and trade and industry promotion.
Family
Income and Expenditure
Based on Family Income and
Expenditures Survey (FIES) of 2009, the total average family income of
Zamboanga del Sur was estimated at P
168,131 posting a percentage change of
18 percent over the 2006 data of P
142,731. On the other hand, its average expenditure was estimated at P 132,440, higher by 19 percent over the
2006 data of P 111,033.
Poverty
Incidence among Families
Based
on the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) the province poverty
incidence among families in CY 2009 is estimated to 26.2 percent with an
estimated magnitude of poor families of 88,154.
Establishments
in the Industry Sectors
A
total of 5,921 establishments classified as services, trading, allied
industries and manufacturing sectors in the province are recorded by the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) from the year 2008 to 2012.
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